水下图像的三步式色彩校正与多尺度对比度增强

doi:10.3778/j.issn.1673-9418.2411054

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 由于水下介质对光的吸收和散射效应，水下成像通常存在颜色失真、对比度退化和细节模糊。提出一种改进的水下图像色彩校正方法，处理过程包括局部自适应的弱通道补偿、直方图拉伸与基于幂次变换的白平衡三个步骤。对于色彩校正后的图像，采用边缘锐化、局部增强与全局增强的联合处理方法充分增强图像中多种尺度的特征信息。基于拉普拉斯金字塔的分解与重构，对多种尺度的对比度增强结果进行加权融合。包含Macbeth色卡的水下图像仿真实验结果显示，采用该算法增强的水下色卡图像与标准色卡的色差值小于所有对比算法。采用水下图像标准数据集UCCS、UIQS与UIEB的仿真实验结果显示，该算法能够有效校正各种类型水下图像的色偏，图像整体亮度与暗区亮度能够得到合理优化，图像的场景细节与纹理细节的可见度明显优于对比算法。采用平均梯度、边缘强度、信息熵、水下图像质量评价指数与CCF综合指数作为评价指标，对仿真结果进行了定量评估。结果表明，该算法的各项性能在对比算法中均为最优或次优，整体性能分值比次优算法提高了16.93%。

关键词: 水下图像, 图像增强, 色彩校正, 对比度增强, 多尺度增强

Abstract: Due to the absorption and scattering effects of underwater media on light, underwater imaging often suffers from color distortion, contrast degradation, and blurred details. An improved underwater image color correction method is proposed, which includes three steps: local adaptive weak channel compensation, histogram stretching, and white balance based on power transformation. For color corrected images, a joint processing method of edge sharpening, local enhancement, and global enhancement is used to fully enhance the feature information of multiple scales in the image. Based on Laplace pyramid decomposition and reconstruction, weighted fusion of contrast enhancement results at multiple scales is performed. The simulation experiment results of underwater images containing Macbeth color cards show that the color difference value between the underwater color card enhanced by the proposed algorithm and the standard color card is smaller than that of all comparison algorithms. The simulation results using the underwater image standard datasets of UCCS, UIQS, and UIEB show that the proposed algorithm can effectively correct color cast in various types of underwater images. The overall brightness and dark area brightness of the images can be reasonably optimized, and the visibility of scene and texture details in the images is significantly better than that of the comparison algorithms. The simulation results are quantitatively evaluated using average gradient, edge strength, information entropy, underwater image quality evaluation index, and CCF comprehensive index as evaluation indicators. The results show that each performance indicator of the proposed algorithm is either optimal or suboptimal among the compared algorithms, and the overall performance is improved by 16.93% compared with the suboptimal algorithm.

Key words: underwater image, image enhancement, color correction, contrast enhancement, multi-scale enhancement

江巨浪, 张高兴, 徐光豪, 刘娟. 水下图像的三步式色彩校正与多尺度对比度增强[J]. 计算机科学与探索, 2025, 19(10): 2739-2754.

JIANG Julang, ZHANG Gaoxing, XU Guanghao, LIU Juan. Three-Step Color Correction and Multi-scale Contrast Enhancement for Underwater Images[J]. Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science and Technology, 2025, 19(10): 2739-2754.

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