结合区块链的车联网可信认证与激励机制综述

doi:10.3778/j.issn.1673-9418.2312080

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着车联网数据共享需求的日益增长，安全可靠的身份认证协议与科学合理的激励机制成为保障车联网络稳定运行的首要条件。区块链作为去中心化的分布式账本为车联网提供了技术完善的数据共享平台，结合区块链技术的车联网成为切实可行的数据共享新思路。该研究总结车联网需求，梳理分析基于区块链的车联网架构并将其分为云端层、机制层与边缘层。对相关文献进行归纳总结，分析现有基于区块链的车联网中认证协议与激励机制存在的问题，对其相应的解决方案进行分类比较。从分布式与集中式两种认证架构总结分析现有的可信认证机制的工作流程与实现方案，梳理现有的激励机制工作并将其归纳为基于价值的激励机制、基于信任的激励机制与基于个体决策的激励机制。从隐私保护与典型攻击两方面总结可信认证与激励机制的现存问题与解决方法，在数据共享、多车辆协同与结合6G技术方面对基于区块链的车联网的未来研究方向作出展望。

关键词: 区块链, 车联网, 认证协议, 激励机制, 数据共享

Abstract: With the increasing demand for data sharing in the Internet of vehicles, reliable identity authentication protocols and scientifically rational incentive mechanisms have become the primary conditions for ensuring the stable operation of the Internet of vehicles network. Blockchain, as a decentralized distributed ledger, provides a technologically advanced data sharing platform for the Internet of vehicles, making the combination of blockchain technology and the Internet of vehicles a feasible new approach to data sharing. This paper summarizes the requirements of the Internet of vehicles, analyzes the blockchain-based Internet of vehicles architecture, and divides it into the cloud layer, mechanism layer and edge layer. It categorizes and compares the existing solutions for authentication protocols and incentive mechanisms in blockchain-based Internet of vehicles systems by summarizing relevant literature. It summarizes the workflow and implementation solutions of existing trustworthy authentication mechanisms by analyzing the distributed and centralized authentication architectures. It categorizes existing incentive mechanisms into value-based, trust-based and individual decision-based incentive mechanisms. Finally, this paper summarizes the existing problems and solutions of trustworthy authentication and incentive mechanisms from the perspectives of privacy protection and typical attacks. It provides an outlook on future research directions for blockchain-based Internet of vehicles, focusing on data sharing, multi-vehicle cooperation, and the integration of 6G technology.

Key words: blockchain, Internet of vehicles, authentication protocols, incentive mechanisms, data sharing

高春祺, 李雷孝, 史建平. 结合区块链的车联网可信认证与激励机制综述[J]. 计算机科学与探索, 2024, 18(11): 2798-2822.

GAO Chunqi, LI Leixiao, SHI Jianping. Overview of Trusted Authentication and Incentive Mechanisms in Blockchain-Based Internet of Vehicles[J]. Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science and Technology, 2024, 18(11): 2798-2822.

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