关键词: 区块链, 车联网, 认证协议, 激励机制, 数据共享

Abstract: With the increasing demand for data sharing in the Internet of Vehicles, reliable identity authentication protocols and scientifically rational incentive mechanisms have become the primary conditions for ensuring the stable operation of the Internet of Vehicles network. Blockchain, as a decentralized distributed ledger, provides a technologically advanced data sharing platform for the Internet of Vehicles, making the combination of blockchain technology and the Internet of Vehicles a feasible new approach to data sharing. This study summarizes the requirements of the Internet of Vehicles, analyzes the blockchain-based Internet of Vehicles architecture, and divides it into the cloud layer, mechanism layer and edge layer. It categorizes and compares the existing solutions for authentication protocols and incentive mechanisms in blockchain-based Internet of Vehicles systems by summarizing and analyzing relevant literature. It summarizes the workflow and implementation solutions of existing trustworthy authentication mechanisms by analyzing the distributed and centralized authentication architectures. It categorizes existing incentive mechanisms into value-based, trust-based and individual decision-based incentive mechanisms. Finally, this study summarizes the existing problems and solutions of trustworthy authentication and incentive mechanisms from the perspectives of privacy protection and typical attacks. It provides an outlook on future research directions for blockchain-based Internet of Vehicles, focusing on data sharing, multi-vehicle cooperation, and the integration of 6G technology.

Key words: Blockchain, Internet of Vehicles, authentication protocols, incentive mechanisms, data sharing