关键词: 量子计算, 量子计算机, 量子算法, 体系结构, 量子程序设计语言, 物理实现

Abstract:

As a new computing model，quantum computing can in principle exploit quantum mechanical effects to perform computations more rapidly than classical Turing Machine model based on the principles of quantum computing and some important quantum.Meanwhile，the physical implementations of quantum computer are also proposed.Optic photon quantum computer and quantum computer based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance（NMR），ion traps or harmonic oscillator，etc.，have been realized one by one.Several quantum algorithms
appear in recent years.A successful demonstration of Shor’s quantum algorithm is made by using a quantum computing device based on NMR in 2001，and it shows the quantum computer’s great potential power for processing complicated problems.Finally，the developments in the aspect of physical implementation of quantum computer are summarized．

Key words: quantum computing, quantum computer, quantum algorithm, architecture of quantum computer, quantum programming language, physical implementation