计算机科学与探索 ›› 2022, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (10): 2177-2192.DOI: 10.3778/j.issn.1673-9418.2203032

• 综述·探索 • 上一篇    下一篇

区块链跨链协议综述

孟博+(), 王乙丙, 赵璨, 王德军, 麻斌豪   

  1. 中南民族大学 计算机科学学院,武汉 430074
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-07 修回日期:2022-04-27 出版日期:2022-10-01 发布日期:2022-10-14
  • 通讯作者: + E-mail: mengscuec@gmail.com
  • 作者简介:孟博(1974—),男,河北石家庄人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为区块链安全、隐私保护等。
    王乙丙(1997—),男,湖北黄冈人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为区块链跨链协议、隐私保护等。
    赵璨(1998—),女,河北承德人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为法律合约和智能合约。
    王德军(1974—),男,湖北荆门人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为知识图谱、对话系统等。
    麻斌豪(1998—),男,浙江温州人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为区块链跨链技术。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2020YFC1522900);湖北省自然科学基金(2018ADC150);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(CZZ21001);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(QSZ17007)

Survey on Cross-Chain Protocols of Blockchain

MENG Bo+(), WANG Yibing, ZHAO Can, WANG Dejun, MA Binhao   

  1. College of Computer Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
  • Received:2022-03-07 Revised:2022-04-27 Online:2022-10-01 Published:2022-10-14
  • About author:MENG Bo, born in 1974, Ph.D., professor. His research interests include blockchain security, privacy protection, etc.
    WANG Yibing, born in 1997, M.S. candidate. His research interests include blockchain cross-chain protocol, privacy protection, etc.
    ZHAO Can, born in 1998, M.S. candidate. Her research interests include legal contract and smart contract.
    WANG Dejun, born in 1974, Ph.D., associate professor. His research interests include knowledge graph, dialogue system, etc.
    MA Binhao, born in 1998, M.S. candidate. His research interest is blockchain cross-chain technology.
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFC1522900);Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2018ADC150);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(CZZ21001);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(QSZ17007)

摘要:

随着区块链技术的发展,各区块链平台在系统架构、应用场景上有所不同,造成了不同区块链上的数据和资产难以互联互通,影响了区块链的推广与应用。跨链技术为解决区块链异构互联互通问题,提升区块链的互操作性和可扩展性提供了技术方案。而跨链协议是通过跨链技术实现不同区块链之间的跨链互操作性的具体设计规范,其对实现区块链互操作性和构建区块链跨链应用具有重要意义。对区块链跨链协议的最新研究进行了系统的整理和分析。从以下四方面进行介绍:首先,从链联网、跨链技术和区块链互操作性三方面阐述区块链跨链互操作的研究现状;其次,将跨链协议总结概括为跨链通信协议、跨链资产交易协议和跨链智能合约调用协议,并具体分析其最新研究进展;然后,对跨链协议的关键设计原则进行总结概括,为跨链协议的安全性、隐私性、可扩展性等问题提供解决思路;最后,结合区块链跨链应用的实际需求,给出区块链跨链协议未来的重点研究方向。

关键词: 区块链, 跨链互操作, 跨链技术, 跨链协议, 跨链应用

Abstract:

With the development of blockchain technology, due to the different system architecture and application scenarios of blockchain platforms, it is difficult to realize the interconnection and intercommunication of data and assets on different blockchains, which affects the promotion and application of blockchain. The cross-chain tech-nology of blockchain is an important technical solution to realize the interconnection of blockchain and improve the interoperability and extensibility of blockchain. The blockchain cross-chain protocol is the specific design specifi-cations to realize the cross-chain interoperability between different blockchains through cross-chain technology, so it is of great significance to the realization of blockchain interoperability and the construction of blockchain cross-chain application. This paper systematically arranges and analyzes the latest researches on the integration and implemen-tation of blockchain cross-chain protocols, and places them in four hierarchies: Firstly, the current research status of blockchain cross-chain interoperability is explained from three aspects, Internet of blockchains, cross-chain techno-logy and blockchain interoperability. Secondly, the cross-chain protocols are divided into cross-chain communi-cation agreements, cross-chain asset transaction agreements and cross-chain smart contract call agreements, and the latest research is analyzed. Thirdly, the key design principles of cross-chain protocols are summarized, and the solutions for the problems of security, privacy and scalability of cross-chain protocol are provided. Finally, com-bined with the actual needs of blockchain cross-chain applications, the future research direction of blockchain cross-chain protocol is given.

Key words: blockchain, cross-chain interoperability, cross-chain technology, cross-chain protocol, cross-chain application

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