面向命名数据网络的轻量级路由协议

doi:10.3778/j.issn.1673-9418.2304001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 命名数据网络（NDN）是一种以信息为中心的新型网络架构方案。为了获取网络全局路由信息，典型NDN路由协议基于数据同步协议实现全局路由更新。然而，这类同步协议工作于应用层，在动态网络环境中，存在网络信息更新代价高、网络动态变化感知能力差等问题。针对这些问题，设计并实现了一种轻量级命名绑定网络层路由协议（NBRP）。该方法将路由节点名称与其发布内容名称进行绑定，使得路由节点可以定向进行路由更新信息的请求，不需额外同步协议即可完成轻量级路由信息交换。为进一步减少路由更新的传输代价，设计了一种可复用的路由信息包命名格式和路由信息增量传输机制。同时，为测试方案的有效性，在Linux内核中实现了相应功能模块并进行测试。实验结果显示，在动态网络环境下，相比于传统NDN链路状态路由协议，提出的方法能够降低72%的路由更新同步代价，且链路状态感知与响应速度提高近一倍。

关键词: 命名数据网络（NDN）, 路由协议, 链路状态感知, 命名绑定

Abstract: Named data networking (NDN) is a novel network architecture that revolves around information-centric principles. In order to acquire global routing information within the network, typical NDN routing protocols rely on data synchronization mechanisms to achieve global routing updates. However, such synchronization protocols operate at the application layer, which introduces challenges in dynamic network environments, such as high costs associated with network information updates and limited ability to perceive network dynamics. To address these issues, this paper designs and implements a lightweight named-binding routing protocol (NBRP). This approach binds routing node names with their published content names, enabling routing nodes to make targeted requests for routing update information without requiring additional synchronization protocols, thus achieving lightweight routing information exchange. To further reduce the transmission costs of routing updates, this paper introduces a reusable routing information packet naming format and a routing information incremental transmission mechanism. Additionally, to validate the effectiveness of the proposed solution, corresponding functional modules are implemented and tested within the Linux kernel. Experimental results demonstrate that, in dynamic network environments, compared with traditional NDN link-state routing protocols, the proposed method can reduce routing update synchronization costs by 72% and increase link-state awareness and response speed by nearly twofold.

Key words: named data networking (NDN), routing protocol, link-state awareness, name-binding

邹博文, 嵩天, 李天龙, 杨雅婷. 面向命名数据网络的轻量级路由协议[J]. 计算机科学与探索, 2024, 18(3): 795-804.

ZOU Bowen, SONG Tian, LI Tianlong, YANG Yating. Lightweight Routing Protocol for Named Data Networking[J]. Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science and Technology, 2024, 18(3): 795-804.

参考文献

[1] ZHANG L, AFANASYEV A, BURKE J, et al. Named data networking[J]. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 2014, 44(3): 66-73.
[2] JACOBSON V, SMETTERS D K, THORNTON J D, et al. Networking named content[C]//Proceedings of the 2009 ACM Conference on Emerging Networking Experiments and Technology, Rome, Dec 1-4, 2009. New York: ACM, 2009: 1-12.
[3] ZHANG L, ESTRIN D, BURKE J, et al. Named data networking (NDN) project: NDN-0001[R]. Xerox Palo Alto Research Center-PARC, 2010: 158.
[4] TEAM N F D. NFD developer’s guide: NDN-0021[R]. 2018.
[5] WANG L, HOQUE A, YI C, et al. OSPFN: an OSPF based routing protocol for named data networking: NDN-0003[R]. 2012.
[6] HOQUE A K M M, AMIN S O, ALYYAN A, et al. NLSR: named-data link state routing protocol[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Information-Centric Networking. New York: ACM, 2013: 15-20.
[7] WANG L, LEHMAN V, HOQUE A K M M, et al. A secure link state routing protocol for NDN[J]. IEEE Access, 2018, 6: 10470-10482.
[8] HEMMATI E, GARCIA-LUNA-ACEVES J J. A new approach to name-based link-state routing for information-centric networks[C]//Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Conference on Information-Centric Networking. New York: ACM,2015: 29-38.
[9] GARCIA-LUNA-ACEVES J J, MARTINEZ-CASTILLO J E, MENCHACA-MENDEZ R. Routing to multi-instantiated destinations: principles, practice, and applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2017, 17(7): 1696-1709.
[10] YANG N, CHEN K, LIU Y. Towards efficient NDN framework for connected vehicle applications[J]. IEEE Access, 2020, 8: 60850-60866.
[11] LIANG T, SHI J, WANG Y, et al. On the prefix granularity problem in NDN adaptive forwarding[J]. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2021, 29(6): 2820-2833.
[12] AMADEO M, RUGGERI G, CAMPOLO C, et al. Caching popular and fresh IoT contents at the edge via named data networking[C]//Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications, Toronto, Jul 6-9, 2020. Piscataway: IEEE, 2020: 610-615.
[13] ZHANG Y, AN X, YUAN M, et al. Concurrent multipath routing optimization in named data networks[J]. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2019, 7(2): 1451-1463.
[14] ALEXA. Top sites[EB/OL]. [2023-01-23]. https://www.alexa.com/topsites.
[15] KARIM F A, AMAN A H M, HASSAN R, et al. Named data networking: a survey on routing strategies[J]. IEEE Access, 2022, 10: 90254-90270.
[16] LI Z, XU Y, ZHANG B, et al. Packet forwarding in named data networking requirements and survey of solutions[J]. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2018, 21(2): 1950-1987.