Abstract: Under the background of the Internet of things, the development of massive and large-scale machine communication has brought about the explosive growth of data traffic. The traditional cloud computing model can no longer meet the needs of low delay and low energy consumption of terminal data processing. Multi-access edge computing (MEC) with distributed multi-nodes near the terminal side is becoming the best choice to solve this problem. Computational offloading is the key technology of MEC, the offloading performance is affected by many factors, and there is a large space for optimization. How to design a high-performance computational offloading scheme has become the main research goal of scholars at home and abroad. This paper reviews the research of computing offloading scheme for MEC, introduces the concept of MEC, sorts out the development and application of MEC, and the execution process of computing offloading, analyzes and compares the recent research methods of computing offloading. According to different improvements, a computing offloading scheme is summarized which takes the offloading system environment, offloading delay, energy consumption of mobile devices and multiple evaluation indexes as the optimization direction. The problems of resource allocation, universality and security in MEC-oriented computing offloading are presented, and the future research directions are forecasted based on these problems.

Key words: multi-access edge computing, computing offloading solution, load balancing, delay minimization, reduce energy consumption

摘要： 物联网盛行背景下海量大规模机器通信时代的发展带来数据流量的爆炸式增长，传统的云计算模式不再满足终端数据处理低时延和低能耗的需求，靠近终端侧分布式多节点的多接入边缘计算（MEC）正在成为解决该问题的最佳选择。计算卸载作为MEC的关键技术，卸载性能受多种因素的影响，存在很大的优化空间，如何设计出高性能的计算卸载方案成为国内外学者主要的研究目标。综述了面向MEC的计算卸载方案，介绍了MEC的概念，梳理了MEC的发展与应用、计算卸载的执行过程，对近期关于计算卸载的研究方法进行分析对比，针对不同的改进，归纳总结出以计算卸载系统环境和计算卸载时延、移动设备能耗以及综合多个评价指标为优化方向的计算卸载方案。提出当前面向MEC的计算卸载存在的资源分配问题、通用性与安全性问题，并且基于现有的这些问题展望了未来研究方向。

关键词: 多接入边缘计算, 计算卸载方案, 负载均衡, 延迟最小化, 降低能耗