Abstract: The eye tracking is the key technology of intelligent eye movement operating system, which is also the basis that enables eye movement operating system to be the advanced human-machine interactive applications. This paper gives a more comprehensive vision of the development of non-contact eye tracking technology, and introduces the non-contact eye gaze tracking technology that enables to achieve real-time dynamic eye tracking or gaze point estimation, including 2D eye tracking methods, 3D eye tracking methods and model-based 3D methods. Comparing and analyzing new development of the existing methods mentioned above, this paper illustrates the scientific problems that eye tracking technology currently faces, and presents a novel head-mounted free space eye tracking method based on binocular stereo vision. The conclusion is that eye tracking technology should meet intelligent human-machine interactive approach based on eye movement operating system expands to free space. The eye tracking technology develops towards high-precision, easy to configure and wider range of sight in free space measurement.

Key words: eye tracking, gaze estimation, non-contact, pupil center cornea reflection, head pose

摘要： 视线跟踪技术是智能眼动操作系统的关键技术，是实现先进眼动操作系统作为高级人机交互应用的基础和前提。较为完整地阐述了非接触式视线跟踪技术的发展历程，并详细介绍了现有的实现视线或注视点实时动态跟踪测量的非接触视线跟踪技术，包括2D视线跟踪方法、3D视线跟踪方法和基于3D模型的视线跟踪方法。通过分析和比较现有的三类方法的最新进展，介绍了视线跟踪技术目前面临的科学问题，提出了基于双目立体视觉的头戴式自由空间视线跟踪测量方法，指出了视线跟踪技术应满足基于眼动操作系统的智能人机交互方法向自由空间操作发展的需求，朝着高精度、易配置、更大视线活动范围的自由空间视线测量方向发展。

关键词: 视线跟踪, 注视点测量, 非接触式, 瞳孔中心角膜反射法, 头部姿态