Abstract: Currently, in the field of strip steel surface defect detection, the generalized target detection algorithm is highly complex and computationally large, while terminal equipment responsible for the detection of some small and medium-sized enterprises usually does not have strong computational capabilities, and the computational resources are limited, which leads to difficulties in the deployment of detection algorithms. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a lightweight strip steel surface defect detection model YOLOv8-VSC based on the YOLOv8n target detec-tion framework, which uses a lightweight VanillaNet network as the backbone feature extraction network and reduces the complexity of the model by reducing the unnecessary branching structure. Meanwhile, the SPD module is introduced to speed up the inference of the model while reducing the number of network layers. To further improve the detection accuracy, a lightweight up-sampling operator, CARAFE, is used in the feature fusion network to improve the quality and richness of the features. Finally, extensive experiments on the NEU-DET dataset yield a model with parametric and computational quantities of 1.96×106 and 6.0 GFLOPs, which are only 65.1% and 74.1% of the baseline, and the mAP reaches 80.8%, which is an improvement of 1.8 percentage points from the baseline. In addition, experimental results on the aluminum surface defect dataset and the VOC2012 dataset show that the proposed algorithm has good robustness. Compared with advanced target detection algorithms, the proposed algorithm requires fewer computational resources while ensuring high detection accuracy.

Key words: defect detection, strip surface defect, YOLOv8, lightweight network, VanillaNet

摘要： 目前在带钢表面缺陷检测领域，通用的目标检测算法复杂度高、计算量庞大，而一些中小型企业负责检测的终端设备通常不具备较强的计算能力，计算资源有限，从而导致检测算法部署困难。为解决该问题，基于YOLOv8n目标检测框架，提出一种轻量级的带钢表面缺陷检测模型YOLOv8-VSC。该模型使用轻量级的VanillaNet网络作为骨干特征提取网络，通过减少不必要的分支结构降低模型的复杂度。同时，引入SPD模块在减少网络层数的同时加快模型的推理速度。为了进一步提升检测精度，在特征融合网络中，使用轻量级的上采样算子CARAFE，提高融合特征的质量和丰富度。最后，在NEU-DET数据集上进行大量实验，得到模型的参数量与计算量为1.96×106和6.0 GFLOPs，仅为基线的65.1%和74.1%，mAP达到80.8%，较基线提升1.8个百分点。此外，在铝材表面缺陷数据集和VOC2012数据集上的实验结果表明所提算法具有良好的鲁棒性。与先进的目标检测算法相比，所提算法在保证高检测精度的前提下需要的计算资源更少。

关键词: 缺陷检测, 带钢表面缺陷, YOLOv8, 轻量级网络, VanillaNet