Abstract: Quantum computing, as one of the forefront areas in quantum technology, is experiencing rapid development. Despite currently being in the era of noisy quantum computing, significant progress has been made in simulating physical systems of different scales with quantum computers, attracting widespread attention. Superconducting quantum computers currently lead in simulating physical systems, while quantum-classical hybrid algorithms have become the mainstream choice. By combining variational quantum algorithms with error mitigation techniques, quantum computers have achieved simulations of ground states of different molecules and condensed matter physical multi-body systems . Additionally, dynamic simulations of various spin physics models can be successfully conducted on quantum computers. Quantum-classical algorithms are also capable of solving the motion equations of complex fluid dynamics systems with varying degrees of acceleration advantages. Quantum computers and quantum-classical hybrid algorithms have also been used to simulate properties of astrophysical objects such as black holes, demonstrating exponential acceleration advantages in simulating dark matter properties. Quantum computing also holds promise for solving the Schrödinger equation of high-energy physics systems and exploring new particles. In the future, quantum computing is expected to demonstrate enormous potential in simulating real multi-scale physical systems, but further optimization of error mitigation methods is needed to improve simulation accuracy. Breakthroughs in this field are expected to usher in a new era of scientific and technological research.

Key words: Quantum computing, quantum simulation, physical systems, quantum algorithms

摘要： 量子计算作为量子科技的前沿领域之一，正在迅猛发展。尽管目前处于含噪量子计算时代，但量子计算机在模拟不同尺度的物理系统方面已取得重大进展，引起了广泛关注。超导量子计算机目前处于模拟物理系统的领先地位，而量子-经典混合算法则成为了主流选择。通过变分量子算法与错误缓解算法相结合，量子计算机已实现了对不同分子和凝聚体物理多体系统基态的模拟，而多种自旋物理模型的动力学模拟也可以在量子计算机上顺利完成；量子-经典算法还可求解复杂流体力学系统的运动方程，并具有不同程度的加速优势；量子计算机与量子-经典混合算法也被用于模拟黑洞等天体物理的性质，并在模拟暗物质性质上展现出指数级加速优势，量子计算也可为求解高能物理系统的施温格方程、寻找新的粒子带来更多可能性。未来，量子计算在模拟真实多尺度物理系统方面有望展现出巨大的潜力，但需要进一步优化错误缓解等方法，以提高模拟的准确性。这一领域的不断突破将有望推动科学技术研究的新纪元的到来。

关键词: 量子计算, 量子模拟, 物理系统, 量子算法