Abstract:

As a new computing model，quantum computing can in principle exploit quantum mechanical effects to perform computations more rapidly than classical Turing Machine model based on the principles of quantum computing and some important quantum.Meanwhile，the physical implementations of quantum computer are also proposed.Optic photon quantum computer and quantum computer based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance（NMR），ion traps or harmonic oscillator，etc.，have been realized one by one.Several quantum algorithms
appear in recent years.A successful demonstration of Shor’s quantum algorithm is made by using a quantum computing device based on NMR in 2001，and it shows the quantum computer’s great potential power for processing complicated problems.Finally，the developments in the aspect of physical implementation of quantum computer are summarized．

Key words: quantum computing, quantum computer, quantum algorithm, architecture of quantum computer, quantum programming language, physical implementation

摘要：

量子计算是一种依照量子力学理论进行的新型计算，量子计算的基础和原理以及重要量子算法为在计算速度上超越图灵机模型提供了可能。在发展与完善量子计算理论的同时，量子计算机的物理实现方案也被不断提出。光子量子计算机，基于核磁共振、离子阱或谐振子等技术的量子计算机物理模型已被逐一实现。近年来亦出现了几个典型的基于量子计算机的量子算法。2001年在一台基于核磁共振技术的量子计算设备上成功演示的Shor量子算法，显示出量子计算机处理复杂问题的巨大潜能。文章对当前量子计算机物理实现的研究进展进行了综述。

关键词: 量子计算, 量子计算机, 量子算法, 体系结构, 量子程序设计语言, 物理实现