Abstract: With the thriving of the Internet of things, the applications of wireless sensor networks (WSN) become more and more extensive. As the core technology of the network layer, the routing algorithm has become a hot issue for wireless sensor networks. Taking the limited energy of sensor node into account, this paper proposes a novel routing algorithm. Firstly, this paper devises a biological cell clustering method based on similarity between biological cell selection and distributed systems. In order to minimize the energy consumption and maximize the network lifetime, this paper proposes an optimal distance routing algorithm. With the combination of the devised clustering method and the proposed routing algorithm, all nodes are divided into clusters, and intra-cluster routing and inter-cluster routing are accomplished to transfer data. The proposed algorithm has been implemented by simulation, and the performance evaluation has been done over different network topologies. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the network energy consumption and extend the network lifetime effectively with better performance than existent routing algorithms.

Key words: three dimensional wireless sensor networks, optimal distance routing algorithm, cell clustering, energy saving

摘要： 随着物联网的兴起，无线传感器网络（wireless sensor networks，WSN）的应用日益广泛，路由算法作为网络层的核心技术，成为无线传感器网络研究的热点问题。考虑到传感器节点能量有限的特性，提出了一种三维无线传感器网络中的新型路由算法。基于生物细胞选择和分布式系统设计的相似性，设计了生物细胞节点分簇方法。为了最小化网络能耗和最大化网络生存时间，设计了最优距离路由算法。将分簇方法和路由算法结合，采用分簇方法将网络中所有节点进行分簇，运行路由算法完成簇内和簇间寻路。进行了仿真实现，并基于不同网络拓扑进行了性能评价，结果表明，与现有的典型算法相比，该路由算法能够有效地降低网络能量消耗，延长网络生存时间。

关键词: 三维无线传感器网络, 最优距离路由算法, 细胞分簇, 节能