Blockchain Transactions Using Attached Blocks and Discrete Token Negotiation for Delay-Tolerant Networks

doi:10.3778/j.issn.1673-9418.2307039

Abstract

Abstract: The essence of blockchain is the competition for node mining rights, and the real-time connectivity of the network is prerequisite and guarantee. However, there exist delay-tolerant networks with data transmission latency, which puts nodes at a disadvantage in blockchain activities. To address this problem, a transaction architecture is constructed to provide service support for nodes in discontinuous connectivity networks to participate in blockchain activities. Firstly, an auxiliary block named as an attached block is constructed as a basis for distinguishing new blocks generated when the network is connected or disconnected. Secondly, with the miner’s identity and several random numbers as parameters, unique and verifiable discrete tokens are generated to obtain mining qualifications. On this basis, the mining qualification attribution algorithm and branch processing algorithm are designed. The former avoids the problem of the richest man doing evil in PoS (proof of stake) and DPoS (delegated proof of stake), and the latter ensures the attached chains are added to the main chain with an equal probability. Finally, a quadratic consensus scheme is designed to solve the problem of false and duplicate transactions that may exist in generated blocks when the network is disconnected. Theoretical proof and experimental analysis show that the architecture has advantages in indices such as reliability, acceptability, transaction throughput, confirmation time and branching rate.

Key words: blockchain, discrete token, attached block, attached chain, negotiation mechanism, delay-tolerant networks

摘要： 区块链的本质是节点矿权竞争，网络的实时连通性是前提和保障，但尚存在具有数据传输时延的容迟网络，使得其中的节点在区块链活动中完全处于劣势。为了解决容迟网络难以部署区块链系统的问题，构建了基于附块和离散令牌协商的区块链交易架构，为非持续连通网络中的节点参与区块链活动提供服务支撑。首先构造了命名为附块的辅助区块，用以作为区分联网和断网时生成的新区块的依据。其次以矿工身份标识和若干随机数为参数，生成具有唯一性和可验证性的离散令牌，用于获取挖矿资质。在此基础上，设计了基于离散令牌的挖矿资质归属算法和分支处理算法，前者避免了PoS（proof of stake）和DPoS（delegated proof of stake）首富作恶问题，后者保证了断网时生成的附链以均等概率追加到主链上。最后设计了附链二次共识方案，解决了断网时生成区块内可能存在的虚假和重复交易问题。理论证明和实验分析表明，提出的架构在可靠性、接受性、交易吞吐量、交易确认时间和分支率等指标上具有一定的优势。

关键词: 区块链, 离散令牌, 附块, 附链, 协商机制, 容迟网络

ZI Lingling, CONG Xin. Blockchain Transactions Using Attached Blocks and Discrete Token Negotiation for Delay-Tolerant Networks[J]. Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science and Technology, 2024, 18(5): 1357-1367.

訾玲玲, 丛鑫. 附块和离散令牌协商的容迟网络区块链交易[J]. 计算机科学与探索, 2024, 18(5): 1357-1367.

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