Abstract: With the increment of complexity and uncertainty in the software runtime environment, software requires the ability to perceive and react to the changes in the environment in time. Since the environment is open, dynamic, uncontrollable and unpredictable, for facilitating software's automatic perception and adaptation to different environments, environments are defined as first-class entities, which are self-maintainable and self-evolvable, and modelled independently. For simplifying the interaction between software and runtime environments, environments are implemented in a hierarchical structure and provide an automatic mapping and configuration mechanism for software systems to sense and effect environmental resources from the perspectives of applications. The approach presented in this paper improves the reusability of environments and software, and reduces the burden on software developers.

Key words: self-adaptive, software environment, software modeling, software reuse

摘要： 随着软件及其运行环境的复杂性和不确定性的上升，软件要求能够及时地感知环境的变化，并做出相应的反应。由于环境具有开放、动态、不可控、不可预测等特点，为了实现软件对不同环境的自动感知和适应，环境被独立建模，并定义为能够自维护和自演化的一级实体。为了简化软件与环境之间的交互，环境被实现为一个层次结构，为软件提供面向应用的抽象资源到环境资源之间的自动映射和配置机制，从而提高了环境和软件的复用性，同时也减轻了软件开发人员的负担。

关键词: 自适应, 软件环境, 软件建模, 软件复用